Cytotoxicity and concentration of silver ions released from dressings in the treatment of infected wounds: a systematic review.

Introduction: Silver-releasing dressings are used in the treatment of infected wounds. Despite their widespread use, neither the amount of silver released nor the potential in vivo toxicity is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and the amount of silver released from commercially available dressings with infected wounds. Methods: The review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies from 2002 through December 2022. The criteria were as follows: population (human patients with infected wounds); intervention (commercial dressings with clinical silver authorized for use in humans); and outcomes (concentrations of silver ions released into tissues and plasma). Any study based on silver-free dressings, experimental dressings, or dressings not for clinical use in humans should be excluded. According to the type of study, systematic reviews, experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Studies that assessed at least 65% of the included items were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Results: 740 articles were found and five were finally selected (all of them quasi-experimental). Heterogeneity was found in terms of study design, application of silver dressings, and methods of assessment, which limited the comparability between studies. Conclusion: In vivo comparative studies of clinical dressings for control of infection lack a standardized methodology that allows observation of all the variables of silver performance at local and systemic levels, as well as evaluation of its cytotoxicity. It cannot be concluded whether the assessed concentrations of released silver in commercial dressings for the topical treatment of infected wounds are cytotoxic to skin cells. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351041, PROSPERO [CRD42022351041].

Pediatric Ventilation Skills by Non-Healthcare Students: Effectiveness, Self-Perception, and Preference.

Since a great number of infant cardiopulmonary arrests occur outside of the hospital, it is crucial to train laypersons in cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques, especially those professionals that will work with infants and children. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efectiveness of ventilations performed by professional training students. The secondary objective was to analyze the preference between different ventilation and chest-compression methods. The sample consisted of 32 professional training students, 15 preschool students, and 17 physical education students. The activity was conducted separately for each group, and we provided a 10 min theoretical training about infant basic life support followed by a 45 min practical training using a Laerdal Little Anne QCPR CPR manikin. A practical test in pairs was organized to record the ventilation as performed by the participants, establishing the difference between the efficacious and the non-efficacious ones. Furthermore, we handed out a survey before and after training to evaluate their knowledge. More than 90% of the students completely agreed with the importance of learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques for their professional future. More than half of the sample considered that they perform the rescue breathings with the mouth-to-mouth method better. We observed that through mouth-to-mouth-nose ventilations, the number of effective ventilations was significantly higher than the effective ventilations provided by a self-inflating bag and mask (EffectiveMtoMN 6.42 ± 4.27 vs. EffectiveMask 4.75 ± 3.63 (p = 0.007)), which was the preferred method. In terms of the compression method, hands encircling the chest was preferred by more than 85% of students. Mouth-to-mouth nose ventilation is more efficient than bag-face-mask ventilation in CPR as performed by professional training and physical activity students. This fact must be considered to provide higher-quality training sessions to professional training students.

Brief Training of Technical Bleeding Control Skills-A Pilot Study with Security Forces.

Uncontrolled external bleeding is a common cause of preventable death, and due to the environment in which these events often occur, e.g., in hostile environments, the state security forces are usually the first responders, and in many cases, if they are injured their partners provide the initial assistance. The tourniquet is a fast, effective, and easy-to-learn intervention, although there is a knowledge gap concerning training techniques. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of a bleeding control training program on a high-fidelity mannequin in a simulated critical situation in a law enforcement training environment. A quasi-experimental study was carried out with 27 members of the state security forces. They underwent brief theoretical-practical training and were evaluated via a scenario involving a critically ill patient in a hostile environment. The results showed that no member of the state security forces completed all the tourniquet placement steps, 26 (96%) prepared the tourniquet correctly, 21 (77.8%) placed it on the leg, and all the participants adjusted the band to the thickness of the injured limb and secured the windlass to the triangular flange of the device. However, only 23 (85.2%) of the participants placed it effectively. The participants, who were members of the state security forces, were able to effectively resolve a critical situation with active bleeding in a simulation scenario with a high-fidelity mannequin after completing theoretical-practical training.

Autorías en manuscritos científicos de terapia ocupacional: un estudio descriptivo / Autoria em manuscritos científicos de terapia ocupacional: um estudo descritivo / Authorship in scientific manuscripts in occupational therapy: a descriptive study

Resumen Introducción Los beneficios de la autoría múltiple son indudables, pero en ocasiones el número de autores es desproporcionadamente mayor que el contenido intelectual. Objetivo Conocer la autoría media en el ámbito terapia ocupacional y valorar sus posibles determinantes. Método Se incluyeron 19 revistas de la disciplina. Seleccionamos artículos de investigación y revisiones sistemáticas. Resultados Encontramos una media de 3,5 autores, con un aumento de 0,9 (R2=0,86) de 2011 a 2020. El número de autorías múltiples es mayor que de autorías individuales. Los tres posibles determinantes del aumento de la autoría parecen ser: (a) la visibilidad (las revistas open access/charge aumentan el número de autorías en 40,2%); (b) el factor de impacto (las revistas JCR [Journal Citation Report] aumentan en 15,7% frente a los otros); y (c) los cuartiles (las revistas ESCI [Emerging Sources Citation Index] aparecen en el panorama de las publicaciones y las SSCI/SCI [Social Science Citation Index/ Science Citation Index]experimentan su mayor subida de 10.5% en los Q1 [Primero Cuartil]). Conclusión Este estudio aporta por primera vez una información completa y contrastada, donde se muestra la autoría media de los artículos de terapia ocupacional y los determinantes que influyen.

Resumo Introdução Os benefícios da autoria múltipla são indiscutíveis, mas às vezes o número de autores é desproporcionalmente maior que o conteúdo intelectual. Objetivo Conhecer a média de autoria no campo da terapia ocupacional e avaliar seus possíveis determinantes. Método Foram incluídos 19 periódicos da área. Selecionamos artigos de pesquisa e revisões sistemáticas. Resultados Encontramos uma média de 3,5 autores com aumento de 0,9 (R2=0,86) de 2011 a 2020. O número de autorias múltiplas é maior que o de autorias individuais. Os três possíveis determinantes do aumento da autoria parecem ser a: (a) visibilidade (os periódicos de acesso aberto/cobrança aumentam o número de autorias em 40,2%); (b) o fator de impacto (os periódicos JCR [Journal Citation Report] aumentam 15,7% em relação ao demais) e (c) os quartis, //periódicos ESCI [Emerging Sources Citation Index] aparecem no cenário editorial e SSCI/SCI [Social Science Citation Index/ Science Citation Index]experimentam seu maior aumento de 10,5% no primeiro quartil [Q1]). Conclusão Este estudo fornece pela primeira vez informações confiáveis ​​e contrastadas, mostrando a autoria média de artigos de terapia ocupacional e os determinantes que a influenciam.

Abstract Introduction The benefits of multiple authorship are undoubted, but sometimes the number of authors is disproportionately greater than the intellectual content. Objective To know the average authorship in the occupational therapy field and assess its possible determinants. Method 19 journals of the discipline were included. We select research articles and systematic reviews. Results We found an average of 3.5 authors, with an increase of 0.9 (R2=0.86) from 2011 to 2020. The number of multiple authorships is greater than individual authorships. The three possible determinants of the increase in authorship seem to be: (a) visibility (open access/charge journals increase the number of authorships by 40.2%); (b) the impact factor (JCR [Journal Citation Report] journals increase by 15.7% compared to others) and (c) quartiles (ESCI Emerging Sources Citation Index] journals appear in the publishing landscape and SSCI/SCI [Social Science Citation Index/ Science Citation Index]experience their biggest rise of 10.5% in Q1 [First Quartile]). Conclusion This study provides complete and contrasted information for the first time, showing the average authorship of occupational therapy articles and the determinants that influence it.

Efectividad en intervenciones destinadas a la participación social en personas con esquizofrenia: revisión sistemática / Efetividade de intervenções voltadas à participação social em pessoas com esquizofrenia: revisão sistemática / Effectiveness of interventions aimed at social participation in people with schizophrenia: systematic review

Resumen Introducción La participación social es considerada una de las áreas ocupacionales de vital importancia en las vidas de las personas con esquizofrenia. Por ello, cuando existe una limitación en esta área ocupacional es necesario generar estrategias de intervención que favorezcan y posibiliten el acceso a las mismas. Objetivos Conocer la efectividad de diferentes intervenciones en la participación social en usuarios con esquizofrenia. Método Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en tres bases de datos de ámbito sanitario y social: Pubmed, Scopus y Web of Science Los criterios de inclusión fueron: adultos diagnosticados de esquizofrenia, estudios experimentales publicados en los últimos 10 años en inglés, castellano y portugués excluyendo los artículos de opinión y con menos de 10 participantes. Se seleccionaron un total de 13 estudios. Todos los trabajos fueron evaluados de acuerdo a un checklist. Resultados La intervención más efectiva ha sido la Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), con unos resultados de: mejora en la remisión sintomatológica de 43,98 puntos en comparación el grupo control; en cuanto a los reingresos hospitalarios 19,05%; respecto a la funcionalidad social, ha tenido una mejora de 11,36 puntos; por último, respecto a la calidad de vida ha habido una mejora de 1,40 puntos. Conclusiones La participación social es fundamental en el proceso de rehabilitación psicosocial, de un usuario con esquizofrenia. La ACT ha mostrado mejores resultados de forma significativa frente a la Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR). Debemos tomar con cautela los resultados obtenidos debido a las limitaciones de este estudio, donde resalta la poca evidencia científica disponible sobre esta temática.

Resumo Introdução A participação social é considerada uma das áreas ocupacionais de vital importância na vida das pessoas com esquizofrenia. Por isso, quando há uma limitação nessa área ocupacional, é necessário gerar estratégias de intervenção que favoreçam e possibilitem o acesso a elas. Objetivos Conhecer a eficácia de diferentes intervenções de participação social em usuários com esquizofrenia. Método Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica em três bases de dados no âmbito das ciências sociais e de saúde: Pubmed, Scopus e Web of Science. Os critérios de inclusão foram: adultos com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, estudos experimentais publicados nos últimos 10 anos em inglês, espanhol e português, excluindo artigos de opinião e aqueles realizados com menos de 10 participantes. Um total de 13 estudos foi selecionado. Todos os trabalhos foram avaliados de acordo com um checklist. Resultados A intervenção mais eficaz tem sido o Assertive Community Treatment (ACT), com resultados de melhora na remissão sintomática de 43,98 pontos em comparação quanto ao grupo controle; enquanto as reinternações hospitalares, 19,05%; quanto à funcionalidade social, teve uma melhora de 11,36 pontos. Por fim, em relação à qualidade de vida, houve uma melhora de 1,40 pontos. Conclusões A participação social é essencial no processo de reabilitação psicossocial de um usuário com esquizofrenia. O ACT mostrou resultados significativamente melhores em comparação com o Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR). Devemos tomar os resultados obtidos com cautela devido às limitações deste estudo, onde se destaca a pouca evidência científica disponível sobre o assunto.

Abstract Introduction From Occupational Therapy, social participation is considered one of the areas of vital importance in the lives of people with schizophrenia. Therefore, when there is a limitation in participation in this occupational area, it is necessary to generate intervention strategies that favor and enable access to them. Objectives Know the effectiveness of different interventions in the occupational area "social participation" in users with schizophrenia. Method A bibliographic search was carried out in three databases in the health and social field: Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. The inclusion criteria for the selection of articles were: People between 18 and 65 years old with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, published in the last 10 years in English, Spanish and Portuguese, excluding opinion articles and articles with less than 10 participants in the intervention. A total of 13 studies were selected. All papers were evaluated according to a cheklist. Results The most effective intervention has been the ACT, with results of; improvement in symptomatic remission of 43.98 pints, comparing with control group; in terms of hospital readmissions, 19.05%; Regarding social functionality, it has had an improvement of 11.36 points; Finally, regarding the quality of life, there has been an improvement of 1.40 points. Conclusions Social participation is essential in the psychosocial rehabilitation process of a user with schizophrenia. Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) has shown significantly better results compared to Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR). We must take the results obtained with caution due to the study's limitations, where the little scientific evidence available on this subject stands out.

Intensificación de Ustekinumab en enfermedad de Crohn: Revisión sistemática / Ustekinumab intensification in Crohn’s disease: a systematic review

Introducción: Ustekinumab surge como una alternativa terapéutica en enfermedad de Crohn en pacientes con fracaso a anti-TNF. Sin embargo, en muchas ocasiones, es habitual tener que reducir/acortar sus tiempos de admi-nistración para evitar el fracaso terapéutico. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es evaluar la efectividad de la intensificación de ustekinumab mediante el acortamiento de su intervalo terapéutico. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura basada en las directrices de la declaración PRISMA. Se consultaron las bases de datos Medline, Embase y Web of Science, incluyéndose estudios con adultos diagnostica-dos de enfermedad de Crohn moderada o grave a los que se le hubiera realizado como intervención un cambio de posología del fármaco ustekinumab mediante acortamiento de intervalo a cada 4 semanas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 5 artículos, siendo uno de ellos una revisión sistemática. A los 6 meses se muestran tasas de remisión clínica en torno al 45%, una reducción media de 3 puntos en el índice de Harvey Bradshaw sobre el nivel basal, así como una normalización de niveles de PCR en un 21% de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Los resultados apoyan el uso del acortamiento de intervalo de ustekinumab como una opción te-rapéutica efectiva y útil para pacientes con pérdida de respuesta a la pauta habitual. Sin embargo, se recomienda realizar nuevos estudios de diseño experimental que aumenten el nivel de evidencia existente. (AU)

Introduction: Ustekinumab emerges as a therapeutic alternative in Crohn’s disease in patients with anti-TNF fail-ure. However, on many occasions, it is common to have to reduce/shorten their administration times to avoid thera-peutic failure. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of ustekinumab intensification by shortening its therapeutic interval. Method: A systematic review of the literature based on the guidelines of the PRISMA statement was performed. The Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were consulted, including studies with adults diagnosed with moderate or severe Crohn’s disease who had undergone a change in ustekinumab dosage as an intervention by shortening the interval to every 4 weeks. Results: Five articles were included, one of them being a systematic review. At 6 months, clinical remission rates of around 45% are shown, an average reduction of 3 points in the Harvey Bradshaw index over baseline, as well as a normalization of CRP levels in 21% of patients. Conclusions: The results support the use of ustekinumab interval shortening as an effective and useful therapeutic option for patients with loss of response to the usual regimen. However, it is recommended to carry out new studies of experimental design that increase the level of existing evidence. (AU)

Analysis of Arterial Blood Gas Values Based on Storage Time Since Sampling: An Observational Study.

AIM: To evaluate the influence of time on arterial blood gas values after artery puncture is performed. METHOD: Prospective longitudinal observational study carried out with gasometric samples from 86 patients, taken at different time intervals (0 (T0), 15 (T15), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) min), from 21 October 2019 to 21 October 2020. The study variables were: partial pressure of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, hematocrit, hemoglobin, potassium, lactic acid, pH, partial pressure of oxygen, saturation of oxygen, sodium and glucose. RESULTS: The initial sample consisted of a total of 90 patients. Out of all the participants, four were discarded as they did not understand the purpose of the study; therefore, the total number of participants was 86, 51% of whom were men aged 72.59 on average (SD: 16.23). In the intra-group analysis, differences in PCO2, HCO3, hematocrit, Hb, K+ and and lactic acid were observed between the initial time of the test and the 15, 30 and 60 min intervals. In addition, changes in pH, pO2, SO2, Na and glucose were noted 30 min after the initial sample had been taken. CONCLUSIONS: The variation in the values, despite being significant, has no clinical relevance. Consequently, the recommendation continues to be the analysis of the GSA at the earliest point to ensure the highest reliability of the data and to provide the patient with the most appropriate treatment based on those results.

Teaching and Evaluation Methods of the Use of the Tourniquet in Severe Limb Bleeding among Health Care Professionals: A Systematic Review.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Massive hemorrhage (MH) is a growing pathology in military settings and increasingly in civilian settings; it is now considered a public health problem in the United States with large-scale programs. Tourniquets are the fastest and most effective intervention in MH if direct pressure is not effective.The Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) recognizes a knowledge gap in optimal education techniques for first aid providers. This review aims to describe training and evaluation methods for teaching tourniquet use to both health care and military professionals. METHODS: The MEDLINE, CINAHL, WEB of Science, and Scopus databases were reviewed (from 2010 through April 2020). The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) scale. Studies that met at least 65% of the included items were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. RESULTS: Ten of the 172 articles found were selected, of which three were randomized clinical trials. Heterogeneity was observed in the design of the studies and in the training and evaluative methods that limit the comparison between studies. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the training strategies studied are effective in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practical skills. There is no universal method, learning is meaningful but research should be directed to find out which ones work best.

Un estudio descriptivo de la presencia, visibilidad y calidad de las revistas de terapia ocupacional / Um estudo descritivo da presença, visibilidade e qualidade dos periódicos de terapia ocupacional / A descriptive study of the presence, visibility and quality of occupational therapy journals

Resumen Con el presente artículo intentamos conocer las revistas actuales de terapia ocupacional, así como la visibilidad y calidad de las mismas. La selección de la muestra se realizó a partir de la base de datos ULRICH y los catálogos Latindex y C17. La búsqueda se completó con un rastreo en la red. Los criterios de inclusión fueron revistas científicas revisadas por pares y activas en el momento de la consulta. Del listado final se analizaron las siguientes variables: visibilidad (se tuvo en cuenta el idioma de publicación y presencia en bases de datos internacionales -ERIC, Psychinfo, Medline, Scopus, OTDBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science), accesibilidad (suscripción, gratuidad y Open Access,) e indicadores de calidad (editorial responsable y factor de impacto). 43 revistas cumplieron los criterios. Respecto a la visiblidad el 69,8% estaban indexadas en al menos una base de datos, siendo la de mayor representatividad, la base de datos propia de la disciplina, seguidas de las de ciencias de la salud, multidisciplinares y en menor medida las de ciencias sociales. El 25,6% están incorporadas al movimiento Open Access y el 18,6% son Free Access. Respecto al prestigio, un 20,9% incorporadas a JCR y un 41,9% a SJR. Tras analizar cinco criterios de calidad, únicamente Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy y Occupational Therapy International los cumplen. Este estudio muestra la realidad de las revistas específicas de la especialidad, así como sus fortalezas y debilidades. Es esperado que conocer esta realidad permitirá mejorar las tasas de producción de conocimiento en terapia ocupacional.

Resumo Com este artigo buscamos conhecer as revistas atuais de terapia ocupacional, bem como sua visibilidade e qualidade. A seleção da amostra foi feita a partir da base de dados ULRICH e dos catálogos Latindex e C17. A pesquisa foi concluída com um rastreamento na web. Os critérios de inclusão foram periódicos científicos revisados por pares e ativos no momento da consulta. Da lista final, foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: visibilidade (foram considerados o idioma de publicação e a presença em bases de dados internacionais -ERIC, Psychinfo, Medline, Scopus, OTDBASE, CINAHL e Web of Science), acessibilidade (assinatura, acesso gratuito e aberto) e indicadores de qualidade (editora responsável e fator de impacto). Quarenta e três periódicos atenderam aos critérios. Quanto à visibilidade, 69,8% estiveram indexados em pelo menos uma base de dados, sendo a mais representativa a própria base de dados da disciplina, seguida das ciências multidisciplinares da saúde e, em menor escala, das da Ciências Sociais. 25,6% estão incorporados ao movimento de Acesso Aberto e 18,6% são de Acesso Livre. Em relação ao prestígio, 20,9% incorporaram-se ao JCR e 41,9%% ao SJR. Após analisar cinco critérios de qualidade, só Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy e a Occupational Therapy International os atendem. Este estudo mostra a realidade dos periódicos específicos da área, bem como seus pontos fortes e fracos. Acredita-se que conhecer essa realidade pode melhorar os índices de produção de conhecimento em terapia ocupacional.

Abstract With this article, we try to know the current occupational therapy journals, as well as their visibility and quality. The sample selection was made from the ULRICH database and Latindex and C17 catalog. The search was completed with a web search. The inclusion criteria were active and peer-reviewed scientific journals. The variables analyzed were: Visibility (publication language, presence in databases -ERIC, Psychinfo, Medline, Scopus, OTDBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science), accessibility (subscription, free or Open Access), and quality indicators (Journal Citation Reports and Scimago Journal Ranking). 43 journals met the criteria. Visibility 69,8% were indexed in at least one database, being the most representative, the discipline's database, followed by the health sciences, multidisciplinary and to a lesser extent those of the social sciences. 25,6% are incorporated into the Open Access movement, and 18,6% are Free Access. Prestige, 20,9% are incorporated in JCR and 41,9% in SJR. After analyzing five quality criteria, only the Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy, and Occupational Therapy International meet them. This study shows the reality of the specific journals of the specialty, as well as their strengths and weaknesses. We hope that knowing this reality we will improve the rates of knowledge production in occupational therapy.

Evaluation of Three Methods for CPR Training to Lifeguards: A Randomised Trial Using Traditional Procedures and New Technologies.

Background and objectives: When the drowning timeline evolves and drowning occurs, the lifeguard tries to mitigate the event by applying the last link of the drowning survival chain with the aim of treating hypoxia. Quality CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) and the training of lifeguards are the fundamental axes of drowning survival. Mobile applications and other feedback methods have emerged as strong methods for the learning and training of basic CPR in the last years so, in this study, a randomised clinical trial has been carried out to compare the traditional method as the use of apps or manikins with a feedback system as a method of training to improve the quality of resuscitation. Materials and Methods: The traditional training (TT), mobile phone applications (AP) and feedback manikins (FT) are compared. The three cohorts were subsequently evaluated through a manikin providing feedback, and a data report on the quality of the manoeuvres was obtained. Results: Significant differences were found between the traditional manikin and the manikin with real-time feedback regarding the percentage of compressions with correct depth (30.8% (30.4) vs. 68.2% (32.6); p = 0.042). Hand positioning, percentage correct chest recoil and quality of compressions exceeded 70% of correct performance in all groups with better percentages in the FT (TT vs. FT; p < 0.05). Conclusions: As a conclusion, feedback manikins are better learning tools than traditional models and apps as regards training chest compression. Ventilation values are low in all groups, but improve with the feedback manikin.

La revisión sistemática: pluralidad de enfoques y metodologías / The systematic review: Plurality of approaches and methodologies

Una revisión sistemática se considera un tipo «especial» de artículo o documento científico que, sin llegar a ser original, resume el estado actual de la investigación sobre un tema en particular, mediante un proceso sistemático riguroso y reproducible. Surgió con el fin de ofrecer una visión y comprensión más profunda de un fenómeno específico de la realidad, tomando como base los resultados de otras investigaciones para consolidar el conocimiento existente e identificar problemas no resueltos. Esto facilitaría la toma de decisiones según la evidencia. Sin embargo, bajo el término genérico «revisión sistemática» se engloba muchos sinónimos que, por desconocimiento o mal uso, pueden confundirse. Este artículo explora cuáles son las diferentes tipologías de revisiones sistemáticas que podemos encontrar publicadas, en función de la organización de su enfoque y la metodología de síntesis del conocimiento empleada

A systematic review is considered a "special" type of scientific article that, without being original, summarizes the current state of research on a particular topic, through a rigorous and reproducible systematic process. It emerged in order to offer a deeper insight and to understand a specific phenomenon of reality, based on the results of other research to consolidate existing knowledge and identify unresolved problems. This could facilitate decision-making according to the evidence. However, many synonyms are included under the generic term "review" that, through ignorance or misuse, can be disconcerting. This article explores the different types of published systematic reviews that we can find published, depending on the organization of their approach and the knowledge synthesis methodology used

The systematic review: Plurality of approaches and methodologies. / La revisión sistemática: pluralidad de enfoques y metodologías.

A systematic review is considered a "special" type of scientific article that, without being original, summarizes the current state of research on a particular topic, through a rigorous and reproducible systematic process. It emerged in order to offer a deeper insight and to understand a specific phenomenon of reality, based on the results of other research to consolidate existing knowledge and identify unresolved problems. This could facilitate decision-making according to the evidence. However, many synonyms are included under the generic term "review" that, through ignorance or misuse, can be disconcerting. This article explores the different types of published systematic reviews that we can find published, depending on the organization of their approach and the knowledge synthesis methodology used.

Nuevos modelos de currículum vitae en la era digital / New models of curriculum vitae on digital age

El Currículum vitae es la carta de presentación en el ámbito profesional. Permite que las instituciones valoren nuestras competencias educativas y profesionales desarrolladas. La llegada de Internet, y más recientemente del currículum digital aportan nuevos elementos fundamentales en la sociedad: visibilidad, interconexión y medición de nuestra reputación como profesionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar las propuestas de currículum surgidas en los últimos años, centrándonos para ello en las creadas para investigadores. Como resultado hemos obtenido tres tipologías claramente diferenciadas: sistemas curriculares ad-hoc, propuestas institucionales de currículum normalizadoras y redes sociales académicas. El desarrollo del currículum vitae institucional y académico es un requisito que deben cumplir los profesionales que desarrollan su labor en el ámbito académico e investigador como requisito indispensable para la visibilidad de la ciencia y el desarrollo de las disciplinas

Curriculum Vitae is the presentation letter on professional field. They allow institutions to value our developed educational and professional competencies. The apparition of Internet, and more recently the digital curriculum, provide new fundamental elements in society; visibility, interconnection and measurement of our reputation as professionals. The aim of this paper is to present curriculum proposals in recent years, focusing on those created for researchers. As a result we have achieved three typologies clearly differentiated; ad-hoc curricular systems, institutional proposals for curricular standards and academic social networks. The development of institutional and academic curriculum vitae is a step that the professionals must do that develop their duty in the academicals and researching field as a compulsory duty for the insight of the science and development of the disciplines

Implementar evidencias e investigar en implementación: dos realidades diferentes y prioritarias / Implementing evidence and implementation research: two different and prime realities

La investigación científica puede contribuir a hacer más eficientes los cuidados de salud, a mejorar la calidad asistencial y la seguridad de las personas. Para que así suceda, el conocimiento generado debe transferirse a la práctica. Se conoce como implementación la introducción de un cambio o innovación en la práctica diaria, lo que exige una comunicación efectiva y la eliminación de barreras que dificulten este proceso. En el ámbito de enfermería, cada vez es más frecuente la realización de experiencias de implementación de buenas prácticas. La dificultad para identificar los factores que permiten conocer el éxito o fracaso de la implementación ha dado lugar al incremento de estudios encaminados a construir un cuerpo de conocimientos diferenciados, conocido como ciencia de la implementación o investigación en implementación. La investigación en implementación es el estudio científico cuyo objetivo es la adopción e incorporación sistemática de los resultados de investigación en la práctica clínica para mejorar la calidad y eficacia de los servicios de salud. El fin que persigue la investigación en implementación es mejorar la salud de la población mediante la aplicación equitativa y eficaz del conocimiento científico rigurosamente evaluado, lo que implica la captación de aquellas evidencias que hayan producido un impacto positivo en la salud de la comunidad. En este texto se exponen las particularidades de la investigación enfermera en implementación, realizándose una síntesis de los diferentes métodos, teorías, marcos determinantes y estrategias de implementación, junto con la terminología propuesta para una mayor claridad conceptual

Scientific research can contribute to more efficient health care, enhance care quality and safety of persons. In order for this to happen, the knowledge gained must be put into practice. Implementation is known as the introduction of a change or innovation to daily practice, which requires effective communication and the elimination of barriers that hinder this process. Best practice implementation experiences are being used increasingly in the field of nursing. The difficulty in identifying the factors that indicate the success or failure of implementation has led to increased studies to build a body of differentiated knowledge, recognized as implementation science or implementation research. Implementation research is the scientific study whose objective is the adoption and systematic incorporation of research findings into clinical practice to improve the quality and efficiency of health services. The purpose of implementation research is to improve the health of the population through equitable and effective implementation of rigorously evaluated scientific knowledge, which involves gathering the evidence that has a positive impact on the health of the community. In this text, we set out the characteristics of nursing implementation research, providing a synthesis of different methods, theories, key frameworks and implementation strategies, along with the terminology proposed for greater conceptual clarity

[Implementing evidence and implementation research: two different and prime realities]. / Implementar evidencias e investigar en implementación: dos realidades diferentes y prioritarias.

Scientific research can contribute to more efficient health care, enhance care quality and safety of persons. In order for this to happen, the knowledge gained must be put into practice. Implementation is known as the introduction of a change or innovation to daily practice, which requires effective communication and the elimination of barriers that hinder this process. Best practice implementation experiences are being used increasingly in the field of nursing. The difficulty in identifying the factors that indicate the success or failure of implementation has led to increased studies to build a body of differentiated knowledge, recognized as implementation science or implementation research. Implementation research is the scientific study whose objective is the adoption and systematic incorporation of research findings into clinical practice to improve the quality and efficiency of health services. The purpose of implementation research is to improve the health of the population through equitable and effective implementation of rigorously evaluated scientific knowledge, which involves gathering the evidence that has a positive impact on the health of the community. In this text, we set out the characteristics of nursing implementation research, providing a synthesis of different methods, theories, key frameworks and implementation strategies, along with the terminology proposed for greater conceptual clarity.

De la normalización de la firma científica a la identificación digital del autor / From the standardization of scientific signatures to identification with digital signatures

El nombre de un autor suele aparecer registrado en formas muy diferentes en artículos o bases de datos. El descuido de los autores, la diversidad de prácticas editoriales y los errores en las bases de datos son algunas de las causas. Por eso es difícil recuperar la toda la producción científica de un autor. Esto dificulta conocer la trayectoria profesional y es una causa común de cálculos erróneos de productividad, visibilidad e impacto. Ante este problema han surgido en los últimos años diferentes iniciativas para resolver la llamada variabilidad de la firma científica, y que hemos estructurado en 3 puntos: normalización de la firma científica, los perfiles de investigadores y Digital Author Identifier. Entre todas estas propuestas, en 2009 nació ORCID (Open Researcher and Contribution). El identificador ha ganado en popularidad con vistas a garantizar no solo la distinción inequívoca de investigadores, sino también como un método efectivo para vincular las actividades en diferentes sistemas de información

Author´s name usually appears in different ways in articles or databases. The neglect of the authors, the diversity of editorial practices and errors in databases are some of the causes. Therefore it is difficult to rectrieve the entire scientific production of an author. This makes it difficult to know the career and is a common cause of miscalculations productivity, visibility and impact. Faced with this problem in recent years have emerged various initiatives to resolve the variability scientific firm, and we have structured by 3 points; normalized scientific signature Author researcher profiles and Digital Identifier. Among all these proposals, in 2009 was born ORCID (Open Researcher and Contribution). The identifier has gained in popularity in order to ensure not only the clear distinction of researchers, but also as an effective method of linking activities in different information systems

Mortality due to acute adverse drug reactions in Galicia: 1997-2011. / Mortalidad por reacción aguda tras consumo de drogas en Galicia: 1997-2011.

The aim of this research is to study all people who died in the Autonomous Community of Galicia from acute death after drugconsumption (ADR) in which there was judicial intervention during the period from 1997 to 2011, according to inclusion and exclusión criteria established by the National Drug Plan for the entire national territory. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of deceased subjects were studied, in order to identify key risk factors and/or vulnerable populations.A total of 805 deaths were recorded. The distribution by provinces and municipalities corresponds to the areas of greatest population, incidence of consumption and proximity to the coast. The average age of these patients was 34.34 years, with a gradual increase over years. Most of them were male (91.2%) and single (47.7). 43.5% of the deceased habitually used the parenteral route of administration and 36.4% had positive HIV serology. The most frequently-detected substances corresponded to opiates (heroin: 61.3%, methadone: 35.6%), followed by cocaine (53.7%), although the most common pattern was that of poly-consumption. ADR mortality figures remain relatively stable throughout the study period. The predominant pattern is that of males, opiates and a long history of consumption.

Se estudian todos los sujetos fallecidos en Galicia por reacción aguda tras consumo de drogas (RAD) en los que existe intervención judicial a lo largo del periodo 1997-2011, según los criterios establecidos por el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas para todo el territorio nacional. Se recogieron y analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y toxicológicas de cada uno de los casos. El objetivo fundamental es tratar de determinar los principales factores de riesgo y/o perfil de las poblaciones vulnerables, así como sugerir medidas preventivas. En total se registran 805 fallecimientos. La edad media de los fallecidos fue de 34,34 años, con un aumento progresivo a lo largo de los años. La mayoría eran varones (91,2%) y solteros (47,7%). El 43,5% de los fallecidos utilizaban la vía de administración parenteral y un 36,4% presentaban serología positiva frente al VIH. Las sustancias detectadas con más frecuencia correspondían a opiáceos (heroína: 61,3%, metadona: 35,6%), seguidos de cocaína (53,7 %), aunque el patrón más habitual era el policonsumo. Las cifras de mortalidad por RAD se mantienen relativamente estables a lo largo del periodo de estudio. El patrón predominante es el de varones, consumidores de opiáceos y con larga historia de consumo.

Mortalidad por reacción aguda tras consumo de drogas en Galicia: 1997-2011 / Mortality due to acute adverse drug reactions in Galicia; 1997-2011

Se estudian todos los sujetos fallecidos en Galicia por reacción aguda tras consumo de drogas (RAD) en los que existe intervención judicial a lo largo del periodo 1997-2011, según los criterios establecidos por el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas para todo el territorio nacional. Se recogieron y analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y toxicológicas de cada uno de los casos. El objetivo fundamental es tratar de determinar los principales factores de riesgo y/o perfil de las poblaciones vulnerables, así como sugerir medidas preventivas. En total se registran 805 fallecimientos. La edad media de los fallecidos fue de 34,34 años, con un aumento progresivo a lo largo de los años. La mayoría eran varones (91,2%) y solteros (47,7%). El 43,5% de los fallecidos utilizaban la vía de administración parenteral y un 36,4% presentaban serología positiva frente al VIH. Las sustancias detectadas con más frecuencia correspondían a opiáceos (heroína: 61,3%, metadona: 35,6%), seguidos de cocaína (53,7 %), aunque el patrón más habitual era el policonsumo. Las cifras de mortalidad por RAD se mantienen relativamente estables a lo largo del periodo de estudio. El patrón predominante es el de varones, consumidores de opiáceos y con larga historia de consumo

The aim of this research is to study all people who died in the Autonomous Community of Galicia from acute death after drug consumption (ADR) in which there was judicial intervention during the period from 1997 to 2011, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria established by the National Drug Plan for the entire national territory. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of deceased subjects were studied, in order to identify key risk factors and/or vulnerable populations. A total of 805 deaths were recorded. The distribution by provinces and municipalities corresponds to the areas of greatest population, incidence of consumption and proximity to the coast. The average age of these patients was 34.34 years, with a gradual increase over years. Most of them were male (91.2%) and single (47.7). 43.5% of the deceased habitually used the parenteral route of administration and 36.4% had positive HIV serology. The most frequently-detected substances corresponded to opiates (heroin: 61.3%, methadone: 35.6%), followed by cocaine (53.7%), although the most common pattern was that of poly-consumption. ADR mortality figures remain relatively stable throughout the study period. The predominant pattern is that of males, opiates and a long history of consumption

¿Se puede evaluar la calidad de las revistas científicas? Principales limitaciones / It is possible to assess the quality of scientific journals? Major constraints

El número de revistas científicas a nivel mundial no para de crecer. Sin embargo, no todas las revistas tienen la misma calidad, por lo que se necesita disponer de indicadores que faciliten la selección de revistas para la formalización de suscripciones, envío de manuscritos y evaluación de la actividad científica. Los indicadores bibliométricos permiten medir la producción y consumo de la información en el seno de la comunidad científica. De todos los indicadores bibliométricos, el más utilizado para estos fines es el factor de impacto (FI), pero también es el que más controversias ha suscitado En la actualidad son varias las fuentes que calculan el FI de una revista. Se trata de herramientas que analizan un conjunto de revistas a partir de las cuales, y mediante un cálculo, obtienen el FI(AU)

The number of scientific journals worldwide continues to grow. However, not all journals have the same quality, so you need to have indicators to facilitate the journals subscriptions selection in order to formalize, manuscript submission and evaluation of scientific activity. Bibliometric indicators allow to measure the production and consumption of information within the scientific community. From all bibliometric indicators, the most widely used for this purpose is the impact factor (IF), but also the most controversial has raised. At present there are several sources to calculate the IF from a journal. These are tools that analyze a set of journals from them, and obtained by calculating the IF(AU)